EIDETICS OF THE UKRAINIAN FOLK COSTUME IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE THEORY OF NEUROART AND ANTHROPOLOGY

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to outline the relationship between the traditions of the Ukrainian folk costume and the theory of neuroart based on the anthropology of art. The cultural and artistic foundation of the Ukrainian nation is embodied in the folk costume, and the worldview of Ukrainians is personified in its sign and symbolic system. The artistic image of the Ukrainian costume is a phenomenon that embodies the historical, cultural and artistic progress of the Ukrainian people, which has a visual-material and immaterial component expressed in the semantics of the costume. Among the plant motifs, the central symbol is the Tree of Life, which encodes a rather simple form of manifestation, the archaic perception of Ukrainians of the construction of the world, where the heavenly, earthly and underground worlds are represented. Plant symbols in embroidery and weaving include images of roses (roses), lilies, oak leaves, hops, and grapes. The use of geometric signs personifies the agricultural orientation of the Ukrainian nation. The schematic representation of various combinations of these figures in the ornaments present on the elements of the costume represents the material world. That is, land, field, and, therefore, fertility. The most common signs include the cross (straight, oblique, double) as a symbol of nature and its four elements. As for the sign of strife, it is a cross in motion – one of the oldest solar symbols, representing the dynamics of the Sun (summer and winter, night and day). The structure of the universe and all life cycles is embodied in the spiral. Among anthropomorphic images of animals and birds, preference is given to the image of Berehyna. The image is a structural model of human eidetic thinking and a way of human communication with the real and divine world. The complex of clothing of the Ukrainian people is considered as an image that has been formed over the centuries and represents, first of all, a peculiar eidetic of the primacy of life. Because each material and immaterial element of a traditional costume is created by the power of human creative thought and a thousand-yearold ethno-cultural background, realized with the help of a number of techniques of decorative and applied art with a utilitarian and aesthetic purpose and, as a result, introduced into human life. Creative understanding of the worldview of previous generations gives us the opportunity to analyze the traditional costume of the Ukrainian people from the point of view of eidetics. The eidetic aspect of the image problem in Ukrainian folk costume has not been studied. The determining influence of the surrounding environment on the formation of eidetic ideas of a person and his search for an emotional and artistic expression of the worldview concept of life has been clarified. In the costume, it was a sign-symbolic system of ornamenting the outfit with the help of embroidery, weaving, beadwork, etc. This includes the range of colors, where white, black and red play a key role – the colors of the natural cycle. In the construction of the theory of neuroart and the anthropology of art, the eidetics of the Ukrainian folk costume appear as a vivid affirmation of the worldview dominant, the sources of which take their origins in the primitiveness of human existence.