ARTISTIC ANALYSIS OF GLASSWARE UNEARTHED IN YAROSLAV PASTERNAK’S EXCAVATIONS IN LVIV REGION BETWEEN 1936 AND 1944

Abstract

The article is dedicated to a comprehensive artistic analysis of distinctive glass adornments from the medieval period, unearthed during archaeological digs in Galicia. This publication marks the first release of data on glass artifacts found in the excavations led by the eminent scientist Yaroslav Pasternak in the Lviv Region between 1936 and 1944. It outlines the key achievements in Pasternak's scientific career and evaluates the impact of his discoveries on the study of Ukrainian art history. The findings reveal that the glass ornaments excavated by Pasternak are conserved in the Lviv Historical Museum's collection, offering fresh insights into the artistic legacy of the Galician-Volhynian Principality. This is the inaugural presentation of an art-critical examination of these glass items, showcasing the diversity and superior craftsmanship of medieval artisans. The paper gives special focus to four archaeological sites: Krylos, Zelenche, Pidigirtsi, and Belz, each with its distinctive history and cultural significance. It provides an overview of glass jewelry production in the territory of present-day Ukraine from ancient times through the medieval era. The research is grounded in both statistical and artistic scrutiny of the artifacts, considering attributes such as color, transparency, surface type, and decorative variety. An individual analysis is conducted on the bracelet-making technique introduced to scholarly discourse by the aforementioned scientist. Notably, the statistical assessment of findings across all sites reveals both commonalities and variances in the manufacturing processes of these artifacts. The art-historical examination of these items enhances understanding of the artistic traditions and cultural heritage in the realm of Galician-Volhynian Rus glass art. The ornaments discussed not only illuminate the technical processes of glassmaking but also reflect the high aesthetic values and artistic prowess of medieval glass artisans.